A relook at eating disorders.

An early post generated some interesting comments. It got me thinking about just how large a part genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) play in eating disorders

I delved into the more recent journals.

The sensible thing to do is to look at twin studies. Ideally, identical twins. This will mean that the influence of genetics is constant.

Ross (2006) looked at the literature on twin studies and found that the level of both identical twins having anorexia was 35%. This is called the concordance rate and means that, if one twin had anorexia, there was a 35% likelihood that the other one would too. He also found that 97% of relatives of these twins do not have the disorder.

If the disorder was purely, or even predominantly, genetic, Ross claims you would expect a concordance rate in excess of 80% and that you would also expect the level of anorexia in relatives to be higher than 3%.

Wade et al. (2007) found that family functioning had a large impact on the differences between discordant twins (ie one has anorexia, one doesn't) with recollection of parental comments about their weight and the amount of food related to the likelihood of developing anorexia. Interestingly, considering the popular image of the mother affecting the onset of the disorder, Wade et al found a quite strong link to paternal protection. (An effect size of 1.6, for the statistically minded.).

An aside to this, the researcher who gave the lecture last week said that he would never start an in-patient treatment program for someone unless it also included a family therapy component. So he clearly thinks environment is critical.

Overall, my view is that, as with so much that is associated with the brain, the true answer will be an interaction between both nature and nurture.

But all genetic? No, I don't think the evidence supports that stand.

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Ross, C.A. (2006). Overestimates of the genetic contribution to eating disorders, Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, (2), 123-131.

Wade, T.D., Gillespie, N., Martin, N.G. (2007) A comparison of early family life events amongst monozygotic twin women with lifetime anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or major depression. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40 (8), 679-686.

Time to mop!

When I put 'mop' into Google images, this is the first picture that came up.

A roll-mop. Marinated raw herring with onion and gherkin inside.

Goes great with a cold beer.

Not really what I was after but it will do. You see, Margaret is 'in the air' as I type but wont be arriving for another 12 hours. Richard and I have been sweeping, mopping (the connection!) and generally tidying up.

Not woman-clean, you understand.

Bloke-clean. It's not as good as woman-clean but gets you points for effort.

And just to tidy up the story, after I have tidied the house, I think I will take a roll-mop and a cold beer to the gazebo this afternoon.
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In the end, I needed the coffee..

Dropped my thesis at Uni today, for binding. (Cheers, whistles)

To celebrate, I decided to have a boutique coffee, a tall vanilla latte. Not something I have in real life and something that I associate with the only place I have ever had them, Uni.

There was a different lady behind the counter, presumably the normal staff had gone on holidays. The conversation went like this:

Me: Could I have a tall vanilla latte, please.
Her: Sure. Do you want tall or regular?
Me: Um...make it a regular tall.
Her: OK. So that will be with soy milk then?
Me: (Thinks) You can't milk a soy.
Me: (Says) Regular milk, please. Tall, if you have it.

As I walk out I think to myself: She only charged me for a tall latte.

I sip the drink. Sure enough, no vanilla.

I was a good coffee. Just as well. I needed it.
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And now some news from the stock market...

Today's Stock Market Report:

Helium was up - feathers were down.
Paper was stationary.
Fluorescent tubing was dimmed in light trading.
Knives were up sharply.
Cows steered into a bull market.
Pencils lost a few points.
Hiking equipment was trailing.
Elevators rose - while escalators continued their slow decline.
Weights were up in heavy trading.
Light switches were off.
Mining equipment hit rock bottom.
Diapers remain unchanged.
Shipping lines stayed at an even keel.
The market for raisins dried up.
Coca Cola fizzled.
Caterpillar stock inched up a bit.
Sun peaked at midday.
Balloon prices were inflated.
Batteries exploded in an attempt to recharge the market
Scott tissue touched a new bottom - then went down the drain

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The dangers of purple rain...

There is a small problem with the jacaranda dropping its flowers...

Lazy bees.

Our bees seem to the the timid, unadventurous kind. Not ones for rummaging around in the tree tops where the yummy fresh flowers are, they much prefer to fossick amongst the fallen flowers. Could they be afraid of heights? Perhaps they get nose bleeds if they go too high.

But they are the natural enemy of the bare foot.

I love walking around in bare feet.

So it is a challenge to tip toe through the, not tulips, but jacaranda flowers and avoid inadvertently sending a bee to its heavenly reward and in the process getting a sore foot.

I love the mauve carpet effect but, as part of the 'uh-oh, Margaret's coming home Tuesday, better tidy things up' campaign, they will get swept up tomorrow.
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Coming together 2...

Click to enlarge.

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Purple Rain

Purple rain! Jacaranda flowers 'eased' off the tree by some real rain!

Is happiness doing leadlighting in a garden shed while listening to rain on the roof? Probably not but it was good.

Perhaps happiness is knowing that there is plastic guard mesh on the gutters and that I will not have to get up to clean the flowers out.

Let's putty! (Like we've never puttied before).

Sneak preview of work on the bottom panel to the pantry window.

Tomorrow we putty.

Should be in for Margaret's return on Tuesday.

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I am still wondering if it is too 'busy'. It may yet become a 'stand alone' panel somewhere else and a simpler second panel done for the pantry. We'll see.

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Well, what do you know...

Just got an email from the BBC - can I do an interview on their lunch time show?

Well, I suppose so, it is very flattering. But their lunch time is about 1am for me.

Oh, why not? Put the coffee on...

It all goes back to my misspent youth, harassing Nigerian conmen.

The interview was last night: The email invitation came at 9pm and the interview was at 1am. So, sorry I didn't get much time to tell anyone but I gave you all I had. It was on the BBC Wales webcast.

Post interview thoughts:

A bit of an anticlimax in the end - a few minutes of questions stuck in amongst news, weather and community announcements.

The sad but familiar trigger for the show was an 80yr woman in the UK who parted with £16,000 in response to a Nigerian scammer. Unfortunately the other interviewee, Tony Neet, focussed on the vulnerability of the elderly to scams. My experience is that age is no limit to people's gullibility. And greed.

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How to interview an eating disorder!

As part of LifeLine*, I went to a training session the other night about eating disorders; anorexia and bulimia. Overeating was touched on too but wasn't the focus of the evening. It was fascinating. Some of the things that came out of it:

1. Early occurrences of anorexia, in the 13th century and earlier, were associated with religious purity and fasting. If you could resist the base urge to eat then you must be more godly.

2. Traditionally they have been female disorders but more and more men are being diagnosed with them.

3. A survey found 50% of primary school children wanted to weigh less and 25% have dieted.

4. 99% of women aged 18-35 years old are larger than the standard shop mannequin.

5. It is not physically possibly for a woman to match the measurement ratios of a Barbie Doll.

6. Nowadays young girls see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in a day than their mothers saw in their entire adolescence.

All interesting stuff. Unfortunately all these things conspire to keep women on an eternal treadmill, in search of the 'ideal' weight, along with the beauty, happiness and friends that it is supposed to bring with it. The sad part is that the treatment of anorexia and, to a lesser extent bulimia, is very difficult as the patient refuses to believe that they have a problem. So that brought up an interesting strategy.

The first step is something that applies to all conditions: don't label people as the problem. A person is not an 'anorexic', they are someone 'living with anorexia'. We were then taken through a process where we ask the patient if we could interview the problem.

"Could I have a conversation with just that part of you that is the Anorexia? This means you get the chance to just sit back and listen to us talk, is that okay with you?"

It sound bizarre but it can work really well. You can ask the problem when it came, how it helps the patient, how it hinders the patient, what it would like to change, when it will know that it is time to leave. It can be a revelation for the patient and yet they are answering the questions!

It does not have to be limited to eating disorders, of course. Any habit or condition can, theoretically, be interviewed the same way.

*Curious in some respects, as a characteristic of anorexia is denial that there is a problem so they would never call LifeLine.

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Brought to you by P and C.

The fun police have slapped an "adults only" warning on a new DVD of classic episodes, which featured a world in which children played in the street, a monster gorged on cookies and a bad-tempered puppet lived in a bin.

The episodes, made between 1969 and 1974, have been released in the US with the caution: "These early Sesame Street episodes are intended for grown-ups and may not suit the needs of today's preschool child."

Topping the list of furry villains is the Cookie Monster, whose penchant for devouring cookies and the odd plate or two is no longer deemed appropriate behaviour for modern children.

Back then, Big Bird's bumbling friend Mr Snuffleupagus was still imaginary, which might encourage "delusion behaviour". And trash-loving Oscar the Grouch has been targetted for his blatant bad manners and questionable hygiene.

The Age, Dec 7th, 2007.

Oh, give me strength! Political correctness gone berserk.
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Choice Time!

Click to enlarge

It is still early days - I have to putty in the glass, clean it up and blacken the lead but it is transportable so I can put it in place to get an idea of what I might do.

Click to enlarge

Two choices:

1. Continue with the original design and put this panel in the top window.

2. Put the panel in the bottom window and do something 'lighter' for the top.

I'll think about it.
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Coming together...

Next comes the soldering...

I'm starting to warm to the idea of making this the bottom panel and making the top panel much simpler. As both panels are the same size I can put in in both spots and then decide.
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What? No buggy whips anymore?

These are horseshoe nails.

Funny headed, flat sided things of no particular beauty.

Not a big mover at the hardware stores of Melbourne but there are people who ride horses. Or have young daughter who do, so there is a native market for them.

Now I am not a 'horsy' person.

I consider that a horse is dangerous at both ends and uncomfortable in the middle.

So why do I have a jar of horseshoe nails in the shed?

For stained glass, of course.

The flat sides of the nails are good for hold glass pieces in place while you assemble the pieces. Normal round nails are not as easy to pull out of the base board and are prone to chip the edges of the glass.

The state of play with the window is that all the pieces (143 of them) for the top panel have been cut and are now waiting their appointment with the horseshoe nails. There were a few minor deviations from the original drawing (eg one flower disappeared and I ad-libbed on colours a fair bit) but, by and large, it is taking shape. Below is the jigsaw of all the pieces.


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Hidden treasure

Hidden away in the back yard, where the blackbirds haven't seen them*, the raspberries are giving about 10-20 berries a day. Not a big crop but consistent. They got knocked around last year by the drought. This year I have my watering sorted out a bit better.

I probably should try to accumulate enough for a pie or jam or something but they are so yummy fresh...

*Probably too full of mulberries to fly.